The sum consisting of an element and the universe class is equivalent to the universe class. The product of an element and the universe class is equivalent to the element. The equivalent circuits are shown in figure 1.
Figure 1
Universe Class:
a + 1 = 1
a x 1 = a
Mathematic Notation:
a ∪ 1 = 1
a ∩ 1 = a
Logic Notation:
a ∨ 1 = 1
a ∧ 1 = a
