"Is there any way of knowing which component is going to burn in an electronic device?"
When a batch of components is manufactured the most, we can know is how many components will burn in a year, for example, but not what they will be. This comes from the precision of the machines that manufacture them, the purity of the materials that are used and other factors that cannot be predicted. Thus, there is a measure of the failure rate.
The failure rate (λ) is defined as the relationship between the number of components (n) that have defects and the number of elements (no) at the beginning of the operating time multiplied by the operating time (t)
λ = no / (n x t)
Unit: 1 fit = failures per million hours
Typical values for electronic components:
Bipolar silicon digital integrated circuits = 10
Bipolar analog circuits (operational amplifiers) = 10
General purpose silicon transistors = 5
Silicon power transistors = 100
Silicon diodes = 3
Tantalum capacitors = 10
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors = 20
Ceramic capacitors = 10
Paper capacitors = 2
Carbon resistors greater than 100k = 5
Carbon resistors less than 100k = 0.5
Metal film resistors = 0.2
Wire resistors = 10
Small transformers = 5
High frequency coils = 1
Crystals = 10
LEDs (time to reduce brightness by 50%) = 500
Welded connection = 0.5
Wrap connection = 0.0025
Crimp connection = 0.25
Plug-in contact = 0.3
We can know how many components on average are going to have problems, but we will not exactly know which ones.
This means that when a device fears to take several components, problems can appear in an unpredictable way. You can buy a TV and it will burn the moment you turn it on for the first time at home or only after many years of operation.
