"How do you determine a transmitter power?"
The power of a transmitter is a fixed parameter that determines what type of components should be used in your project and also its configuration. Thus, when a transmitter is designed, all components will be calculated according to the power it must have. That is why we cannot change the power of a transmitter by simply changing a few components. And once assembled, when installed we can verify that it is really transferring this power to the antenna through measurements.